三、2019年政府工作任務(wù)
III. Tasks for 2019
今年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展任務(wù)重、挑戰(zhàn)多、要求高。我們要突出重點(diǎn)、把握關(guān)鍵，扎實(shí)做好各項(xiàng)工作。
This year, in pursuing economic and social development, we will face weighty tasks, many challenges, and high demands. We must have clear priorities and address crucial issues to deliver a solid performance across the board.
（一）繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新和完善宏觀調(diào)控，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間。堅(jiān)持以市場(chǎng)化改革的思路和辦法破解發(fā)展難題，發(fā)揮好宏觀政策逆周期調(diào)節(jié)作用，豐富和靈活運(yùn)用財(cái)政、貨幣、就業(yè)政策工具，增強(qiáng)調(diào)控前瞻性、針對(duì)性和有效性，為經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行創(chuàng)造條件。
1. We will continue to develop new and improve approaches to macro regulation and keep the main economic indicators within an appropriate range.
We will keep using market-oriented reform thinking and approaches to resolve problems in development; make good use of countercyclical macro policy regulation; add to and use flexibly financial, monetary, and employment policy instruments; make regulation more forward-looking, targeted, and effective; and create the conditions for ensuring a stable economic performance.
實(shí)施更大規(guī)模的減稅。普惠性減稅與結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅并舉，重點(diǎn)降低制造業(yè)和小微企業(yè)稅收負(fù)擔(dān)。深化增值稅改革，將制造業(yè)等行業(yè)現(xiàn)行16%的稅率降至13%，將交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、建筑業(yè)等行業(yè)現(xiàn)行10%的稅率降至9%，確保主要行業(yè)稅負(fù)明顯降低；保持6%一檔的稅率不變，但通過采取對(duì)生產(chǎn)、生活性服務(wù)業(yè)增加稅收抵扣等配套措施，確保所有行業(yè)稅負(fù)只減不增，繼續(xù)向推進(jìn)稅率三檔并兩檔、稅制簡化方向邁進(jìn)。抓好年初出臺(tái)的小微企業(yè)普惠性減稅政策落實(shí)。這次減稅，著眼“放水養(yǎng)魚”、增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁并考慮財(cái)政可持續(xù)，是減輕企業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)、激發(fā)市場(chǎng)活力的重大舉措，是完善稅制、優(yōu)化收入分配格局的重要改革，是宏觀政策支持穩(wěn)增長、保就業(yè)、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的重大抉擇。
We will implement larger-scale tax cut.
We will introduce both general-benefit and structural tax cuts, focusing primarily on reducing tax burdens in manufacturing and on small and micro businesses.
VAT reform will be deepened: we will reduce the current rate of 16 percent in manufacturing and other industries to 13 percent, and lower the rate in transportation, construction, and other industries from 10 to 9 percent, thus ensuring that tax burdens in our main industries are meaningfully reduced; keep the lowest bracket rate unchanged at 6 percent, while adopting supporting measures, like increased tax deductions for producer and consumer services, to see that in all industries tax burdens only go down, not up; and continue making progress toward cutting the number of VAT brackets from three to two and simplifying the VAT system. We will ensure that the general-benefit tax cut policies issued at the start of this year for small and micro businesses are put into effect. Our moves to cut tax on this occasion aim at an accommodative effect to strengthen the basis for sustained growth while also considering the need to ensure fiscal sustainability; are a major measure to lighten the burden on businesses and boost market dynamism; are an important reform to improve the tax system and achieve better income distribution; and are the result of a major decision taken at the macro policy level in support of the efforts to ensure stable economic growth, employment, and structural adjustment.
明顯降低企業(yè)社保繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。下調(diào)城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)單位繳費(fèi)比例，各地可降至16%。穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)行征繳方式，各地在征收體制改革過程中不得采取增加小微企業(yè)實(shí)際繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)的做法，不得自行對(duì)歷史欠費(fèi)進(jìn)行集中清繳。繼續(xù)執(zhí)行階段性降低失業(yè)和工傷保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率政策。今年務(wù)必使企業(yè)特別是小微企業(yè)社保繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)有實(shí)質(zhì)性下降。加快推進(jìn)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌改革，繼續(xù)提高企業(yè)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金中央調(diào)劑比例、劃轉(zhuǎn)部分國有資本充實(shí)社保基金。我們既要減輕企業(yè)繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)，又要保障職工社保待遇不變、養(yǎng)老金合理增長并按時(shí)足額發(fā)放，使社保基金可持續(xù)、企業(yè)與職工同受益。
We will significantly reduce enterprise contributions to social insurance schemes.
We will lower the share borne by employers for urban workers’ basic aged-care insurance, and localities may cut contributions down to 16 percent. The social insurance premium collection methods currently in operation will be kept unchanged. No locality should take any measures to increase the burden on small and micro enterprises while reforming their collection systems, or require, on their own, that longstanding arrears be paid off in a lump sum. The current policy of reducing premiums for unemployment insurance and work injury compensation insurance will continue. This year, premium payments, particularly for small and micro businesses, must be substantively reduced.
We will speed up reforms in the provincial-level management of aged-care insurance funds, continue to increase the proportion of enterprise workers’ basic pension funds under central government allocation, and replenish social security funds through the injection of state capital. We must reduce burdens on the enterprises, but also ensure that employees’ social security benefits remain unchanged and aged-care pensions increase as appropriate and are paid on time and in full, so that social security funds are sustainable and both enterprises and employees benefit.
確保減稅降費(fèi)落實(shí)到位。減稅降費(fèi)直擊當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)主體的痛點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，是既公平又有效率的政策。全年減輕企業(yè)稅收和社保繳費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)近2萬億元。這會(huì)給各級(jí)財(cái)政帶來很大壓力。為支持企業(yè)減負(fù)，各級(jí)政府要過緊日子，想方設(shè)法籌集資金。中央財(cái)政要開源節(jié)流，增加特定國有金融機(jī)構(gòu)和央企上繳利潤，一般性支出壓減5%以上、“三公”經(jīng)費(fèi)再壓減3%左右，長期沉淀資金一律收回。地方政府也要主動(dòng)挖潛，大力優(yōu)化支出結(jié)構(gòu)，多渠道盤活各類資金和資產(chǎn)。我們要切實(shí)讓市場(chǎng)主體特別是小微企業(yè)有明顯減稅降費(fèi)感受，堅(jiān)決兌現(xiàn)對(duì)企業(yè)和社會(huì)的承諾，困難再多也一定要把這件大事辦成辦好。
We will ensure tax and fee cuts are fully implemented.
Tax cuts and fee reduction get right to the spot in tackling the pains and difficulties currently troubling market entities; as a policy option, they are both fair and efficient. This year, we will reduce the tax burdens on and social insurance contributions of enterprises by nearly 2 trillion yuan. This will create big pressure on government budgets at all levels. To support this lightening of the burden on enterprises, governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.
The central government needs to increase revenues and reduce expenditures. Profits turned in by designated state-owned financial institutions and enterprises directly under the central government should be increased; general expenditures should be cut by obove 5 percent, spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be cut by another 3 percent, and all funds that have long stayed unused will be taken back.
Local governments also need to dig deep, take big steps to improve the mixture of spending, and put various funds and assets to good use through multiple avenues.
We will let market entities, especially small and micro businesses, feel the weight of their burden being meaningfully lightened, honoring our promise to enterprises and society, and seeing that no matter the number of difficulties, this important job gets done and gets done well.
著力緩解企業(yè)融資難融資貴問題。改革完善貨幣信貸投放機(jī)制，適時(shí)運(yùn)用存款準(zhǔn)備金率、利率等數(shù)量和價(jià)格手段，引導(dǎo)金融機(jī)構(gòu)擴(kuò)大信貸投放、降低貸款成本，精準(zhǔn)有效支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)，不能讓資金空轉(zhuǎn)或脫實(shí)向虛。加大對(duì)中小銀行定向降準(zhǔn)力度，釋放的資金全部用于民營和小微企業(yè)貸款。支持大型商業(yè)銀行多渠道補(bǔ)充資本，增強(qiáng)信貸投放能力，鼓勵(lì)增加制造業(yè)中長期貸款和信用貸款。今年國有大型商業(yè)銀行小微企業(yè)貸款要增長30%以上。清理規(guī)范銀行及中介服務(wù)收費(fèi)。完善金融機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)部考核機(jī)制，激勵(lì)加強(qiáng)普惠金融服務(wù)，切實(shí)使中小微企業(yè)融資緊張狀況有明顯改善，綜合融資成本必須有明顯降低。
We will work hard to alleviate the difficulties faced by enterprises in accessing affordable financing.
We will reform and refine monetary and credit supply mechanisms, and employ as needed a combination of quantitative and pricing approaches, like required reserve ratios and interest rates, to guide financial institutions in increasing credit supply and bringing down the cost of borrowing, ensure targeted and efficient support for the real economy, and avoid funds circulating within the financial sector without entering the real economy or being diverted out of the real economy.
More targeted cuts will be made to required reserve ratios for medium and small banks; the additional funds thus released will be lent to private enterprises and small and micro businesses.
We will support large commercial banks in replenishing capital through multiple channels, strengthen their capacity to supply credit, and encourage them to increase medium- and long-term loans and credit loans to the manufacturing sector. This year, loans to be granted to small and micro businesses by large state-owned commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent.
Fees charged for banking intermediary services will be overhauled. We will improve the internal assessment mechanisms of financial institutions, encourage more inclusive financial services, achieve a marked improvement in providing financing for medium, small, and micro enterprises, and see that there are definite reductions in overall financing costs.
有效發(fā)揮地方政府債券作用。今年擬安排地方政府專項(xiàng)債券2.15萬億元，比去年增加8000億元，為重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目建設(shè)提供資金支持，也為更好防范化解地方政府債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)創(chuàng)造條件。合理擴(kuò)大專項(xiàng)債券使用范圍。繼續(xù)發(fā)行一定數(shù)量的地方政府置換債券，減輕地方利息負(fù)擔(dān)。鼓勵(lì)采取市場(chǎng)化方式，妥善解決融資平臺(tái)到期債務(wù)問題，不能搞“半拉子”工程。
We will make effective use of local government bonds.
This year, 2.15 trillion yuan of special local government bond will be issued, and an 800 billion yuan increase on last year. This is designed to both provide funding for key projects and create conditions for better forestalling and defusing local governments’ debt risks.
The scope of use of special local government bonds will be moderately expanded. We will continue to issue some local government bonds to replace outstanding debts in order to reduce the interest payment burdens of local governments. We will encourage the adoption of market approaches to solve the issue of maturing debts on financing platforms and make sure that projects financed by such debts are not stopped half way.
多管齊下穩(wěn)定和擴(kuò)大就業(yè)。扎實(shí)做好高校畢業(yè)生、退役軍人、農(nóng)民工等重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)工作，加強(qiáng)對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)各類就業(yè)困難人員的就業(yè)幫扶。對(duì)招用農(nóng)村貧困人口、城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)半年以上人員的各類企業(yè)，三年內(nèi)給予定額稅費(fèi)減免。加強(qiáng)對(duì)靈活就業(yè)、新就業(yè)形態(tài)的支持。堅(jiān)決防止和糾正就業(yè)中的性別和身份歧視。實(shí)施職業(yè)技能提升行動(dòng)，從失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)基金結(jié)余中拿出1000億元，用于1500萬人次以上的職工技能提升和轉(zhuǎn)崗轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)培訓(xùn)。加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育，既有利于緩解當(dāng)前就業(yè)壓力，也是解決高技能人才短缺的戰(zhàn)略之舉。改革完善高職院校考試招生辦法，鼓勵(lì)更多應(yīng)屆高中畢業(yè)生和退役軍人、下崗職工、農(nóng)民工等報(bào)考，今年大規(guī)模擴(kuò)招100萬人。擴(kuò)大高職院校獎(jiǎng)助學(xué)金覆蓋面、提高補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加快學(xué)歷證書和職業(yè)技能等級(jí)證書互通銜接。改革高職院校辦學(xué)體制，提高辦學(xué)質(zhì)量。中央財(cái)政大幅增加對(duì)高職院校的投入，地方財(cái)政也要加強(qiáng)支持。設(shè)立中等職業(yè)教育國家獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。支持企業(yè)和社會(huì)力量興辦職業(yè)教育。我們要以現(xiàn)代職業(yè)教育的大改革大發(fā)展，加快培養(yǎng)國家發(fā)展急需的各類技術(shù)技能人才，讓更多青年憑借一技之長實(shí)現(xiàn)人生價(jià)值，讓三百六十行人才薈萃、繁星璀璨。
We will use multiple channels to achieve stable and expanding employment.
We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, demobilized military personnel, and rural migrant workers, and should give greater employment support for urban jobseekers facing difficulties in securing employment. Enterprises hiring staff from rural poor people or urban residents registered as unemployed for at least six months will be entitled to a fixed amount of tax and fee deductions for three years.
We will strengthen support for flexible employment and new forms of employment.
We will resolutely protect against and stop gender and identity discrimination in employment.
We will implement a vocational skills training initiative, and allocate 100 billion yuan from the surplus in unemployment insurance funds to provide training for over 15 million people upgrading their skills or switching jobs or industries.
Stepping up the development of modern vocational education is a strategic move that will not only ease current employment pressure, but also help to address the shortage of highly-skilled personnel. We will reform and improve the ways that vocational colleges conduct examinations and enrollment, encourage more high school graduates, demobilized military personnel, laid-off workers, and rural migrant workers to apply, and this year achieve a large-scale expansion of one million in student enrollment.
We will expand the coverage of scholarships and grants for vocational college students and raise the level of financial assistance, and speed up work to align vocational technical grade certificates with academic credentials. We will reform the operating mechanisms of vocational colleges and raise the quality of vocational education.
The central government will greatly increase fiscal support for vocational colleges, and local governments should also strengthen their support. A state scholarship for secondary vocational education will be established. We will support enterprises in private sectors in providing vocational education. Through major reforms and the development of modern vocational education, we will move faster to train the different types of technical and skilled workers urgently needed in China’s development, enabling more young people to gain professional skills and realize their potential and producing a vast range of talent ready to shine bright.
（二）激發(fā)市場(chǎng)主體活力，著力優(yōu)化營商環(huán)境。我國有上億市場(chǎng)主體，而且還在不斷增加。把市場(chǎng)主體的活躍度保持住、提上去，是促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)增長的關(guān)鍵所在。要深化“放管服”改革，推動(dòng)降低制度性交易成本，下硬功夫打造好發(fā)展軟環(huán)境。
2. We will work to energize market entities and improve the business environment.
There are hundreds of millions of market entities in China, and the number is growing. The key to promoting stable economic growth lies in maintaining and increasing their level of activity. We must push forward with reforms that delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services, bring down government-imposed transaction costs, and make every effort to create an enabling environment for development.
以簡審批優(yōu)服務(wù)便利投資興業(yè)。市場(chǎng)配置資源是最有效率的形式。要進(jìn)一步縮減市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，推動(dòng)“非禁即入”普遍落實(shí)。政府要堅(jiān)決把不該管的事項(xiàng)交給市場(chǎng)，最大限度減少對(duì)資源的直接配置，審批事項(xiàng)應(yīng)減盡減，確需審批的要簡化流程和環(huán)節(jié)，讓企業(yè)多用時(shí)間跑市場(chǎng)、少費(fèi)功夫跑審批。今年，要對(duì)所有涉企經(jīng)營許可事項(xiàng)實(shí)行“證照分離”改革，使企業(yè)更便捷拿到營業(yè)執(zhí)照并盡快正常運(yùn)營，堅(jiān)決克服“準(zhǔn)入不準(zhǔn)營”的現(xiàn)象；在全國推開工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目審批制度改革，使全流程審批時(shí)間大幅縮短。推行網(wǎng)上審批和服務(wù)，加快實(shí)現(xiàn)一網(wǎng)通辦、異地可辦，使更多事項(xiàng)不見面辦理，確需到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)辦的要“一窗受理、限時(shí)辦結(jié)”“最多跑一次”。持續(xù)開展“減證便民”改革行動(dòng)，不能讓繁瑣證明來回折騰企業(yè)和群眾。建立政務(wù)服務(wù)“好差評(píng)”制度，服務(wù)績效由企業(yè)和群眾來評(píng)判。政府部門做好服務(wù)是本分，服務(wù)不好是失職。
We will cut government approvals and improve services to create a favorable environment for investment and business startups.
Market allocation is the most efficient form of resource allocation. We will further shorten the negative list on market entry and promote across-the-board implementation of the policy of “entry unless on the list.” The government must act with resolve to hand matters it shouldn’t manage over to the market, and make maximum reductions to its direct allocation of resources. Every requirement for government approval that should be canceled will be canceled. When approval is required, the procedures and steps involved will be simplified. This will leave companies to spend more time doing business and less time chasing approvals.
This year, all permits required of businesses will be separated from the business license to make it quicker and easier for companies to get a license and start operating as soon as possible; and we will put an end to the phenomenon of “l(fā)etting firms in but not letting them do business.” Reform of the system for construction project approval will be introduced nationwide, and the time of approval needed at every stage of a project will be significantly shortened.
We will encourage online approvals and services, and work faster to make it possible for such services to be accessed via one website and processed remotely, so that more matters can be dealt with without the need to be physically present. For matters that do require presence in person, they should be processed at one single window, within a specified time, and without the need for a second visit. We will continue to pursue the Cut Certification to Create Convenience reform initiative, and see that businesses and the public are not saddled with running from pillar to post for certificates.
We will establish a government service evaluation system, and let businesses and the public judge if our service is up to scratch. Delivering good services is what a government is meant to do; failure to do so means failing in its duties.
以公正監(jiān)管促進(jìn)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心，公正監(jiān)管是公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的保障。改革完善公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)審查和公正監(jiān)管制度，加快清理妨礙統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的各種規(guī)定和做法。政簡易從。規(guī)則越簡約透明，監(jiān)管越有力有效。國家層面重在制定統(tǒng)一的監(jiān)管規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，地方政府要把主要力量放在公正監(jiān)管上。推進(jìn)“雙隨機(jī)、一公開”跨部門聯(lián)合監(jiān)管，推行信用監(jiān)管和“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+監(jiān)管”改革，優(yōu)化環(huán)保、消防、稅務(wù)、市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管等執(zhí)法方式，對(duì)違法者依法嚴(yán)懲、對(duì)守法者無事不擾。深化綜合行政執(zhí)法改革，清理規(guī)范行政處罰事項(xiàng)，堅(jiān)決治理多頭檢查、重復(fù)檢查。對(duì)監(jiān)管者也要強(qiáng)監(jiān)管、立規(guī)矩，決不允許搞選擇性執(zhí)法、任性執(zhí)法，決不允許刁難企業(yè)和群眾。依法打擊制售假冒偽劣商品等違法行為，讓違法者付出付不起的代價(jià)。用公正監(jiān)管管出公平、管出效率、管出活力。
We will conduct impartial regulation for fair competition.
Fair competition is at the heart of a market economy, and impartial regulation safeguards fair competition. We will reform and improve the fair competition review and impartial regulation systems, and move faster to do away with all regulations and practices that impede the functioning of a unified market and fair competition.
Simple regulations are easy to follow. The simpler and more transparent the rules are, the more robust and effective regulation is. At the national level, the focus is on developing unified regulatory rules and standards, while local governments should concentrate most of their energy on conducting impartial regulation.
We will continue interdepartmental oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results. We will promote credit rating-based regulation and the Internet Plus Regulation reform initiative, develop better ways of enforcing laws on environmental protection, fire prevention, tax collection, and market oversight, and see that law breakers are punished in accordance with the law and the law-abiding are let be.
We will deepen the reform of coordinated law enforcement by government departments, overhaul government penalties and punitive measures, and address overlapping and duplication in enforcement. Regulators themselves must also be subject to strong oversight and follow rules. There can be no tolerance for selective or arbitrary law enforcement or for making things difficult for businesses and people.
We will, in accordance with law, crack down on violations of law such as the production and sale of counterfeit and substandard goods, and make the price to pay for law breakers too dear to afford. We will use impartial regulation to ensure a fair, efficient, and dynamic market.
以改革推動(dòng)降低涉企收費(fèi)。深化電力市場(chǎng)化改革，清理電價(jià)附加收費(fèi)，降低制造業(yè)用電成本，一般工商業(yè)平均電價(jià)再降低10%。深化收費(fèi)公路制度改革，推動(dòng)降低過路過橋費(fèi)用，治理對(duì)客貨運(yùn)車輛不合理審批和亂收費(fèi)、亂罰款。兩年內(nèi)基本取消全國高速公路省界收費(fèi)站，實(shí)現(xiàn)不停車快捷收費(fèi)，減少擁堵、便利群眾。取消或降低一批鐵路、港口收費(fèi)。專項(xiàng)治理中介服務(wù)收費(fèi)。繼續(xù)清理規(guī)范行政事業(yè)性收費(fèi)。加快收費(fèi)清單“一張網(wǎng)”建設(shè)，讓收費(fèi)公開透明，讓亂收費(fèi)無處藏身。
We will carry out reforms to promote reductions in business-related charges.
We will deepen market-oriented reforms in the electric power sector, overhaul surcharges on electricity prices, lower electricity costs in manufacturing, and cut the average electricity price for general industrial and commercial businesses by another 10 percent.
We will advance the reform of the toll roads system, move to cut tolls on highways and bridges, and put a stop to unjustified requirements for approval as well as arbitrary charges and fines on passenger and freight transport vehicles. Within two years, we will remove almost all expressway toll booths at provincial borders and make nonstop, swift collection a reality. This will cut traffic congestion and make road transport more convenient. A number of railway and port charges will be abolished or lowered.
We will launch an initiative to address the collection of charges by intermediary organizations. We will continue reviewing and standardizing government levied charges. We will speed up the development of a comprehensive listing system for collection of fees and charges, making charge collecting open and transparent and leaving unauthorized charges no place to hide.
（三）堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)發(fā)展，培育壯大新動(dòng)能。發(fā)揮我國人力人才資源豐富、國內(nèi)市場(chǎng)巨大等綜合優(yōu)勢(shì)，改革創(chuàng)新科技研發(fā)和產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用機(jī)制，大力培育專業(yè)精神，促進(jìn)新舊動(dòng)能接續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)換。
3. We will continue to pursue innovation-driven development and foster new growth drivers.
We will make full use of our country’s combined strengths-its abundant human resources and talent and vast domestic market, reform and develop new mechanisms for scientific and technological R&D and industrial application, and foster professionalism, to speed up the replacement of old growth drivers with new ones.
推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造提升。圍繞推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，強(qiáng)化工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力，促進(jìn)先進(jìn)制造業(yè)和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)融合發(fā)展，加快建設(shè)制造強(qiáng)國。打造工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)，拓展“智能+”，為制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)賦能。支持企業(yè)加快技術(shù)改造和設(shè)備更新，將固定資產(chǎn)加速折舊優(yōu)惠政策擴(kuò)大至全部制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域。強(qiáng)化質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)支撐，推動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國際先進(jìn)水平對(duì)接，提升產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)品質(zhì)，讓更多國內(nèi)外用戶選擇中國制造、中國服務(wù)。
We will work to transform and upgrade traditional industries.
To promote the development of high-quality manufacturing, we will strengthen the foundations of industry and the capacity for technological innovation, boost the integrated development of advanced manufacturing and modernized services, and work faster to make China strong in manufacturing.
We will create industrial internet platforms and expand Intelligent Plus initiatives to facilitate transformation and upgrading in manufacturing. We will support enterprises in speeding up technological transformation and equipment upgrading by extending the preferential policy of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets to the entire manufacturing sector.
We will strengthen the supporting capacity of quality infrastructure, upgrade our standards to meet advanced international ones, and improve the quality of products and services to encourage more domestic and foreign users to choose Chinese goods and services.
促進(jìn)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)加快發(fā)展。深化大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等研發(fā)應(yīng)用，培育新一代信息技術(shù)、高端裝備、生物醫(yī)藥、新能源汽車、新材料等新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，壯大數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)。堅(jiān)持包容審慎監(jiān)管，支持新業(yè)態(tài)新模式發(fā)展，促進(jìn)平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)、共享經(jīng)濟(jì)健康成長。加快在各行業(yè)各領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”。持續(xù)推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)提速降費(fèi)。開展城市千兆寬帶入戶示范，改造提升遠(yuǎn)程教育、遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)，推動(dòng)移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基站擴(kuò)容升級(jí)，讓用戶切實(shí)感受到網(wǎng)速更快更穩(wěn)定。今年中小企業(yè)寬帶平均資費(fèi)再降低15%，移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量平均資費(fèi)再降低20%以上，在全國實(shí)行“攜號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)網(wǎng)”，規(guī)范套餐設(shè)置，使降費(fèi)實(shí)實(shí)在在、消費(fèi)者明明白白。
We will work to speed up the growth of emerging industries.
We will strengthen R&D and the application of big data and artificial intelligence technologies, foster clusters of emerging industries like next-generation information technology, high-end equipment, biomedicine, new-energy automobiles, and new materials, and expand the digital economy. We will continue accommodative and prudential regulation, support the growth of new forms and models of business, and stimulate the healthy development of the platform economy and the sharing economy. We will speed up efforts to pursue Internet Plus initiatives in all industries and sectors.
We will continue to speed up broadband and lower internet rates. We will launch demo projects to extend 1,000M broadband connectivity to urban homes, upgrade networks for distance education and telemedicine, and expand the capacity of mobile telecommunication base stations and upgrade them, to provide faster and more reliable broadband com1ections for internet users.
This year, average broadband service rates for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 15 percent, and average rates for mobile internet services will be further cut by more than 20 percent. Cellphone subscribers nationwide will be able to keep their numbers while switching carriers and cellphone packages will be regulated to achieve solid fee cuts for all consumers to see.
提升科技支撐能力。加大基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究支持力度，強(qiáng)化原始創(chuàng)新，加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)。健全以企業(yè)為主體的產(chǎn)學(xué)研一體化創(chuàng)新機(jī)制。擴(kuò)大國際創(chuàng)新合作。全面加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，健全知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償制度，促進(jìn)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造和轉(zhuǎn)化運(yùn)用。科技創(chuàng)新本質(zhì)上是人的創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)。要充分尊重和信任科研人員，賦予創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)和領(lǐng)軍人才更大的人財(cái)物支配權(quán)和技術(shù)路線決策權(quán)。進(jìn)一步提高基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目間接經(jīng)費(fèi)占比，開展項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)使用“包干制”改革試點(diǎn)，不設(shè)科目比例限制，由科研團(tuán)隊(duì)自主決定使用。要在推動(dòng)科技體制改革舉措落地見效上下功夫，決不能讓改革政策停留在口頭上、紙面上。大力簡除煩苛，使科研人員潛心向?qū)W、創(chuàng)新突破。加強(qiáng)科研倫理和學(xué)風(fēng)建設(shè)，懲戒學(xué)術(shù)不端，力戒浮躁之風(fēng)。我國有世界上最大規(guī)模的科技人才隊(duì)伍，營造良好的科研生態(tài)，就一定能夠迎來各類英才競(jìng)現(xiàn)、創(chuàng)新成果泉涌的生動(dòng)局面。
We will increase our ability to provide scientific and technological support.
We will increase support for basic research and application-oriented basic research, step up original innovation, and work harder to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields.
We will build enterprise-led mechanisms for bringing together firms, universities, and research institutes to engage in innovation. Innovation cooperation with other countries will be expanded. We will strengthen intellectual property protection across the board, improve the system of punitive compensation for IP infringements, and promote invention and creation and their industrial application.
Technological innovation is in essence a human creative activity. We must fully respect and trust our scientists and researchers, and empower teams and leaders of innovation by placing more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal and giving them more power to make decisions on technology roadmaps. We will further increase the proportion of indirect funding for basic research projects, pilot the creation of ceilings in funding that enable the retention of unused funds, set no limits on the proportions of spending items, and give research teams the power to decide how to use funds.
We will work to ensure that measures to reform science and technology management systems are fully implemented, and must not allow reform policies to become hollow promises. We will work hard to cut red tape to enable researchers to concentrate on the pursuit of learning, innovation, and breakthroughs. We will strengthen research ethics, improve academic practice, take disciplinary action against academic misconduct, and guard firmly against rash action.
China has the largest pool of scientific and technological personnel in the world. If we foster a healthy research environment, we’ll be sure to see brilliant and capable people emerging in all fields and create a boundless stream of innovations.
進(jìn)一步把大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬眾創(chuàng)新引向深入。鼓勵(lì)更多社會(huì)主體創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)，拓展經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展空間，加強(qiáng)全方位服務(wù)，發(fā)揮雙創(chuàng)示范基地帶動(dòng)作用。強(qiáng)化普惠性支持，落實(shí)好小規(guī)模納稅人增值稅起征點(diǎn)從月銷售額3萬元提高到10萬元等稅收優(yōu)惠政策。改革完善金融支持機(jī)制，設(shè)立科創(chuàng)板并試點(diǎn)注冊(cè)制，鼓勵(lì)發(fā)行雙創(chuàng)金融債券，支持發(fā)展創(chuàng)業(yè)投資。改革完善人才培養(yǎng)、使用、評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制，優(yōu)化歸國留學(xué)人員和外籍人才服務(wù)。把面向市場(chǎng)需求和弘揚(yáng)人文精神結(jié)合起來，善聚善用各類人才，中國創(chuàng)新一定能更好發(fā)展，為人類文明進(jìn)步作出應(yīng)有貢獻(xiàn)。
We will do more to encourage startups and innovation nationwide.
We will encourage more private sectors to engage in innovation and start businesses, expand the space for economic and social development, strengthen comprehensive services, and give play to the pathfinding role of innovation and entrepreneurship demo centers.
We will strengthen inclusive support for innovation and business startups, and implement preferential tax policies such as raising the VAT threshold from 30,000 to 100,000 yuan of monthly sales for small-scale taxpayers.
We will reform and improve financial support mechanisms, establish a science and technology innovation board that will pilot an IPO registration system, encourage the issuing of special bonds for innovation and entrepreneurship, and support the growth of venture capital investment.
We will reform and improve mechanisms for
training, employing, and evaluating capable people and provide better services
for students returning from overseas and foreign professionals. By combining
our response to market demand with a championing of the spirit of humanity, and
by bringing together and using well capable people with talents of all kinds,
we will be sure to see better development in Chinese innovation, and thus do
our part for the progress of human civilization.
)EO)UY0~@89FG.png)
